Auxiliary
Capital is a word placed before the main verb (the main
verb) to modify the meaning of the verb. Its function is to express willingness
(willingness) or ability (ability), necessity (needs), and possibility
(possibilities).
Ø Functions
1. Can, Could & Be able to
• Can be used to express ability,
permission.
• could be used to express past ability and
to declare polite requests.
• Be able to be used express the ability
of a particular situation in the past (past ability).
• could be used to declare a capability
level of 95%
• be able is used to declare a
capability level of 100%
2. May & Might
• May is used to express possibility in
present and future.
• Just like may, might be used to
express possibility in present and future.
• Might is a past form of may, which is
used to ask for a more formal permission than a verb capital could.
3. Must, Have to / Has to / had to
• Must be used to express the necessity
and conclusion
• Have / has to be used to express the
necessity and conclusion. To declare a polite imperative
• Must be used to express a certainty.
The level of certainty for must 95%
4. Will, Would. Be going to
• Will be used to express the future
(future), willingness or willingness, and can also be used to refine the
request (polite request).
• Would be used to compose past future
tense, restate the shape of desire and preference, and ask politely.
• Be going to use to discuss pre-determined
plans and decisions.
5. Shall, Should, Ought to
• Shall is also used to express the future
on the condition that the subject is I or We. In addition, shall be used to
seek advice or opinion.
• Should be used to give advice, where
should itself have meaning should or should be. Should usually be widely used
to provide feedback or suggestions on something.
• Should be used to disclose suggestions
and statements of possibility or certainty (probable).
• Ought to be exactly the same as should
be used to give advice and have the meaning should or should. Ought to also
often used to describe a feasibility although in reality it is not.
Ø Differences
1. Can, Could, Be able to
• Can be used as ability or posibility
• .Can can be used on asking and giving
permission.
• Could be a past tense or a past tense
form of the word can which both can mean.
• Although both can be used in simple
past tense, there are differences in the use can and can.
• Could tend to be used to express the
ability in general, while be able to in certain situations in the past
2. May & Might
• MAY is used as capital in present
tense.
• MAY is used as capital in factual conditionals
sentences- Probable results for future (for possible future results)
• MIGHT is used as capital in past tense
• MIGHT is used as capital in sentence
factual conditionals- Possible results (possible outcomes)
3. Must, Have to / Has to / had to
Must
and have to be used to express the necessity in the present. The difference,
must indicate the level of necessity is stronger than have to. While had to
must in the past.
4. Will, Would, Be going to
• Will can be used for all subjects
• Actually the meaning of the word Be
going to be the same as Will is "will". But there is little
difference between them in terms of its use. The meaning of Be going to be more
certain or certainty of an event, will occur at a certain moment in the future
and also more convincing than Will.
5. Shall, Should, Ought to
· Shall is only used for I and we
·
Shall Express the necessity, usually in
formal matters
·
Shall Reveals more polite suggestions
than should
·
Should is a modal verb used to give
advice and recommendation.
·
Should can also be used for obligation
·
Ought to also often used to describe a
feasibility although in reality it's not.
Ø Example Modals
1. Can
& Could, Be able to
Can
:
·
Can I borrow your book for one night?
·
I can do what she does now, even better
·
I can make you a birthday cake
·
I Can Call You If I have
finished my work.
·
we can win this competition
Could
:
·
You could run faster than me
four years ago.
·
She could play the piano when she was
five.
·
Reza could answer that question well
yesterday.
Be
able to :
·
I am able to make a cake
·
they are able to play football
now
·
we are able to clean this
room, but we don’t want do that
·
you are able to draw a good
picture
2. May
& Might
May :
·
You may go home now.
·
It may rain today
·
May I ask you a question?
Might
:
·
You might meet your mom.
·
Might we come a bit late tonight ?
3. Must,
Have to, Has to, Had to
Must
:
·
I must work harder to achieve
my goals.
·
We must go to office now.
·
After studying all the day.
you must be so tired.
·
We must be on time.
Has to/ have to / had to :
·
He has to type the letter now.
·
We have to obey parents,
·
We had to keep the secret.
·
I had to pay bill yesterday.
·
I had to see the
dentist every 4-6 weeks.
4. Will.
Should. Be going
Will
:
·
Will you please shut the
door?
·
I will stop smoking.
·
I’ll give you a glass of water.
Would
:
·
Would you like to see my craft?
·
Sometimes
he would bring me some flowers.
·
Would you
please show your ID card?
Be going to :
Be going to :
·
I’m be going to have holiday in Hongkong
·
He is going to buy a new car.
·
She is going to watch a football match
next weekend.
5. Shall.
Should , Ought to
Shall
:
·
Shall I carry your bag?
·
We shall attend your birthday party.
·
We shall go by bus tomorrow
Should
:
·
We should meet more often.
·
You should drive carefully
in bad weather.
·
We should visit you last night but it
was raining\
Ought
to :
·
She ought to study harder.
·
Ought they visit the Borobudur temple
tomorrow ?
·
We ought to select the best
candidate for the job.
Reference :
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